{"id":6386,"date":"2020-10-13T11:31:22","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T09:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/?p=6386"},"modified":"2020-11-17T12:19:30","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T11:19:30","slug":"la-distribucio-espacial-dels-components-del-gust-i-els-antioxidants-en-la-polpa-de-peres-conference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/la-distribucio-espacial-dels-components-del-gust-i-els-antioxidants-en-la-polpa-de-peres-conference\/","title":{"rendered":"La distribuci\u00f3 espacial dels components del gust i els antioxidants en la polpa de peres &#8216;conference&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Per:\u00a0\u00a0<em>Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. Dept. R+D)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED)<\/strong> ha realitzat diferents estudis d&#8217;investigaci\u00f3, centrats principalment en la millora dels par\u00e0metres de qualitat de la fruita. Els estudis s&#8217;han dut a terme a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;un doctorat industrial (2015 DI 36), realitzat juntament amb la <strong>Universitat de Lleida (UdL)<\/strong> i <strong>l&#8217;Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA)<\/strong>. Alguns d&#8217;aquests resultats estan publicats en revistes d&#8217;alt impacte mundial, com ara el que porta per t\u00edtol: <strong><em>\u2018Distribuci\u00f3 espacial dels components del sabor i els antioxidants en la polpa de peres &#8216;Conference&#8217; i la seva relaci\u00f3 amb la susceptibilitat als pat\u00f2gens postcollita\u2019<\/em>.<\/strong> Publicat a la revista <strong>Postharvest Biology and Technology<\/strong>, amb refer\u00e8ncia:<\/p>\n<p>Torregrosa, L., Echeverria, G., Illa, J., Torres, R., Gin\u00e9-bordonaba, J., 2020. Spatial distribution of flavor components and antioxidants in the flesh of \u2018 Conference \u2019 pears and its relationship with postharvest pathogens susceptibility. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2019.111004<\/p>\n<p>En aquest estudi es va avaluar la distribuci\u00f3 espacial de la mat\u00e8ria seca, la producci\u00f3 d&#8217;etil\u00e8, la taxa de respiraci\u00f3, la quantitat de sucres, d&#8217;\u00e0cids org\u00e0nics i d&#8217;antioxidants, l&#8217;emissi\u00f3 de compostos org\u00e0nics vol\u00e0tils (COV) i el creixement de fongs (<em>Penicillium expansum i Rhizopus stolonifer<\/em>) en quatre rodanxes de polpa de <strong>pera &#8216;Conference&#8217;<\/strong> tallades al llarg del seu radi equatorial.<\/p>\n<p>Les <strong>peres &#8216;Conference&#8217; (<em>Pyrus communis L.<\/em>)<\/strong> es varen collir l&#8217;agost de 2018 en un camp comercial prop de Lleida. La fruita es va recol\u00b7lectar en la seva maduresa \u00f2ptima comercial, d&#8217;acord amb les recomanacions dels productors locals. Avaluada b\u00e0sicament en termes de fermesa i contingut de sucres (fermesa 55-65 N i s\u00f2lids solubles totals&gt; 13%). Es van seleccionar 108 peres lliures de defectes i de mida uniforme i es van dividir en 3 grups de 20 fruites cadascun, m\u00e9s 2 grups de 24 fruites cadascun. Es va utilitzar un grup de 20 fruites per avaluar el seu contingut de mat\u00e8ria seca, de sucres, \u00e0cids org\u00e0nics, i la seva capacitat antioxidant i fenols. Un altre grup es va utilitzar per avaluar la producci\u00f3 d&#8217;etil\u00e8 i la respiraci\u00f3, i l&#8217;\u00faltim grup de fruita es va utilitzar per avaluar el contingut de COV. En els 2 grups de 24 fruites es va avaluar la capacitat de creixement de <em>P. expansum<\/em> i <em>R. stolonifer<\/em> al llarg de diferents ubicacions espacials.<\/p>\n<p>De cada fruit es va extreure un cilindre de polpa en la direcci\u00f3 radial, zona equatorial, des de l&#8217;exterior del fruit fins al cor. Cada cilindre tenia 11 mm de di\u00e0metre i 24 mm de longitud. Es va extreure la pell i es va tallar el cilindre en 4 rodanxes iguals, de 6 mm d&#8217;altura cadascuna, anomenades I, II, III i IV i corresponents a les 4 posicions espacials considerades en aquest estudi, on I \u00e9s la zona de sota la pell (vegeu figura 1).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/ILERFRED_OCTUBRE_CAT_Noticia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6387 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-1.png 771w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-1-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figura 1<\/em><\/strong> Metodologia utilitzada per a l&#8217;extracci\u00f3 del cilindre equatorial i la divisi\u00f3 en rodanxes a la pera &#8216;Conference&#8217;. La pell es trobava a la banda esquerra de la rodanxa I (Torregrosa et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Dels resultats de l&#8217;estudi es destaca que la fructosa, sucre dominant seguit de la sacarosa i la glucosa, va mostrar un perfil decreixent gaireb\u00e9 lineal des del tall exterior cap al nucli (Fig. 2A). L&#8217;\u00e0cid m\u00e0lic i l&#8217;asc\u00f2rbic van tenir el major contingut en la rodanxa exterior (I), mentre que l&#8217;\u00e0cid c\u00edtric va romandre pr\u00e0cticament constant en les diferents zones analitzades (Fig. 2B). A m\u00e9s, es va trobar una tend\u00e8ncia comuna en la distribuci\u00f3 espacial per a l&#8217;emissi\u00f3 d&#8217;etil\u00e8, la producci\u00f3 de CO<sub>2<\/sub>, la capacitat antioxidant i els compostos fen\u00f2lics totals (TPC) amb un m\u00ednim a la rodanxa de la banda de la pell (I) i un m\u00e0xim a la rodanxa propera al nucli (IV) (Fig. 2C i 2D).<\/p>\n<p>Es van identificar vint-i-nou compostos org\u00e0nics vol\u00e0tils mitjan\u00e7ant la microextracci\u00f3 en la fase s\u00f2lida (SPME, per les sigles en angl\u00e8s), encara que nom\u00e9s sis d&#8217;ells van mostrar difer\u00e8ncies significatives entre les diferents zones. El contingut en els COV es va relacionar amb la susceptibilitat del teixit als <strong>pat\u00f2gens postcollita<\/strong> esmentats anteriorment, mitjan\u00e7ant una an\u00e0lisi estad\u00edstica multivariant. La polpa de la fruita de les seccions internes fou m\u00e9s propensa al creixement de <strong><em>P. expansum<\/em><\/strong>, mentre que la secci\u00f3 que es troba sota la pell presentava la incid\u00e8ncia m\u00e9s gran de <strong><em>R. stolonifer<\/em><\/strong>. Amb base als resultats d&#8217;una regressi\u00f3 de m\u00ednims quadrats parcials, es van seleccionar quatre vol\u00e0tils presents naturalment en la polpa de la pera: 2-ethyl-hexanal, butil hexanoate, hexanal i 1-butanol. Es van inocular <em>in vitro<\/em>, en diferents concentracions, per investigar la seva efectivitat per controlar la floridura blava causada per <em>P. expansum<\/em> i la podridura tova causada per <em>R. stolonifer<\/em> (Fig. 3). Es va trobar un control complet del <em>P. expansum<\/em> amb l&#8217;aplicaci\u00f3 de 2-etil-hexanal i hexanal, mentre que l&#8217;1-butanol va mostrar un efecte fungicida total contra el <em>R. stolonifer<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/ILERFRED_OCTUBRE_CAT_Noticia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6388 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"998\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-2.png 998w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-2-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-2-300x170@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figura 2<\/em><\/strong> Contingut, referit a la unitat de massa fresca de polpa, de: A) sucres: fructosa, glucosa i sacarosa, B) \u00e0cids: m\u00e0lic, c\u00edtric i asc\u00f2rbic (eix dret marr\u00f3), C) capacitat antioxidant mesura per l&#8217;assaig de Potencial Reductor F\u00e8rric (PRF) i D) compostos fen\u00f2lics totals en les diferents zones distribu\u00efdes espacialment de la pera &#8216;Conference&#8217;. Les barres d&#8217;error indiquen la desviaci\u00f3 est\u00e0ndard per n = 4. A cada gr\u00e0fic, els valors mitjans amb la mateixa lletra no s\u00f3n significativament diferents d&#8217;acord amb l&#8217;an\u00e0lisi de vari\u00e0ncia (ANOVA) i la prova HSD de Tukey (<em>P<\/em> &lt;0,05). Les l\u00ednies horitzontals representen les mitjanes ponderades (Torregrosa et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/ILERFRED_OCTUBRE_CAT_Noticia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6389 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-3.png 690w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-3-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/figura-3-300x208@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figura 3 <\/em><\/strong>Foto de l&#8217;assaig <em>in vitro<\/em>, plaques petri inoculades amb <em>P. expansum<\/em>. Es van aplicar diferents concentracions de vapors de butil hexanoate al filtre de paper disposat dins la placa (Torregrosa et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Aquest estudi permet realitzar un pas cap endavant en la comprensi\u00f3 de com els compostos bioqu\u00edmics es distribueixen espacialment al llarg del radi equatorial de la pera &#8216;Conference&#8217;. Aix\u00ed com l&#8217;\u00fas de compostos naturals per combatre els principals pat\u00f2gens durant la <strong>postcollita de la pera<\/strong>. Els resultats presentats en l&#8217;article publicat donen un valor afegit a la ind\u00fastria de <strong>productes m\u00ednimament processats en fresc<\/strong> o de <strong>quarta gamma\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Hortalisses i fruites fresques conservades inicialment en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/servicio\/atmosfera-controlada\/\"><strong>atmosfera\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/servicio\/atmosfera-controlada\/\"><strong>controlada<\/strong><\/a> o en\u00a0<strong>conservaci\u00f3 en general<\/strong>, netes, trossejades i envasades per al seu consum. El producte mant\u00e9 les seves propietats naturals i fresques, per\u00f2 amb la difer\u00e8ncia que ja ve rentat, trossejat i envasat.),<\/em> \u00a0i podrien millorar la seguretat aliment\u00e0ria utilitzant compostos naturals capa\u00e7os d&#8217;inhibir els principals pat\u00f2gens posteriors a la collita.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/ILERFRED_OCTUBRE_CAT_Noticia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DESCARREGAR L&#8217;ARTICLE (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Per:\u00a0\u00a0Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. Dept. R+D) Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED) ha realitzat diferents estudis d&#8217;investigaci\u00f3, centrats principalment en la millora dels par\u00e0metres de qualitat de la fruita. Els estudis s&#8217;han dut a terme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6391,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_ilerfred_token_variable":"token","_ilerfred_token_code":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La distribuci\u00f3 espacial dels components del gust i els antioxidants en la polpa de peres &#039;conference&#039; &#060; Ilerfred &#060; Fr\u00edo Industrial, Atm\u00f3sfera Controlada, Refrigeraci\u00f3n, Humidificaci\u00f3n, Secaderos, Reparaci\u00f3n, Compresores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/la-distribucio-espacial-dels-components-del-gust-i-els-antioxidants-en-la-polpa-de-peres-conference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La distribuci\u00f3 espacial dels components del gust i els antioxidants en la polpa de peres &#039;conference&#039; &#060; Ilerfred &#060; Fr\u00edo Industrial, Atm\u00f3sfera Controlada, Refrigeraci\u00f3n, Humidificaci\u00f3n, Secaderos, Reparaci\u00f3n, Compresores\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per:\u00a0\u00a0Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. Dept. R+D) Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED) ha realitzat diferents estudis d&#8217;investigaci\u00f3, centrats principalment en la millora dels par\u00e0metres de qualitat de la fruita. 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