{"id":8030,"date":"2020-12-24T11:49:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T10:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/?p=8030"},"modified":"2020-12-24T17:01:32","modified_gmt":"2020-12-24T16:01:32","slug":"la-vida-util-de-la-fruita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/la-vida-util-de-la-fruita\/","title":{"rendered":"La vida \u00fatil de la fruita"},"content":{"rendered":"

Per:\u00a0\u00a0Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. Dept. R+D)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED)<\/strong> ha realitzat diferents estudis d’investigaci\u00f3, centrats principalment en la millora dels par\u00e0metres de la qualitat de la fruita.<\/p>\n

Els productes hortofruct\u00edcoles es cullen quan arriben al seu nivell de maduresa fisiol\u00f2gica, implicant que el producte pot consumir-se amb totes les garanties i, per tant, disposa dels nivells de fermesa, sucres i color desitjats, depenent del cultiu i varietat.<\/p>\n

A partir del moment que es cullen comencen a envellir i deteriorar-se.<\/p>\n

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Despr\u00e9s de la recol\u00b7lecci\u00f3, alguns productes hortofruct\u00edcoles es conserven sota atmosferes empobrides d\u2019oxigen i a baixes temperatures, reduint la taxa respirat\u00f2ria, la producci\u00f3 d’etil\u00e8 i la p\u00e8rdua d’aigua, per tal de retardar la seva maduraci\u00f3 i envelliment a fi d’allargar la seva vida comercial.<\/p>\n

Quan el producte surt de la cambra de conservaci\u00f3, comen\u00e7a el seu per\u00edode de vida \u00fatil, el qual normalment transcorre a 20 \u00baC. Durant aquesta etapa el producte ret\u00e9 una qualitat organol\u00e8ptica acceptable (Sousa-Gallagher et al., 2011). Aquest per\u00edode, es pot perllongar utilitzant productes qu\u00edmics, com per exemple, l’1-metilcicloprop\u00e8 (1-MCP) (Golding and Singh, 2017) o utilitzant recobriments naturals (Misir et al., 2014). L’augment de la vida \u00fatil dels productes hortofruct\u00edcoles \u00e9s un desafiament per a la investigaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L’aspecte clau durant la vida \u00fatil d’un producte, \u00e9s avaluar el punt \u00f2ptim de maduresa en el qual l’acceptaci\u00f3 per part del consumidor \u00e9s m\u00e0xima. La fruita \u00e9s un \u00e9sser viu i, per tant, la seva qualitat es va modificant mentre va madurant. El gust juga un paper clau en la determinaci\u00f3 de la percepci\u00f3 i acceptaci\u00f3 de la fruita per part dels compradors (Br\u00fcckner, 2008). La satisfacci\u00f3 per part del consumidor tindr\u00e0 un impacte en una nova compra de la mateixa varietat de fruita. Comprendre les relacions entre les prefer\u00e8ncies del consumidor i els atributs de qualitat de la fruita proporciona informaci\u00f3 potencial als minoristes al moment de la venda. El lliurament de fruita amb una qualitat \u00f2ptima en base els criteris del consumidor, \u00e9s a dir, fruita a punt per menjar, pot proporcionar informaci\u00f3 \u00fatil al moment de programar la distribuci\u00f3 de la fruita.<\/p>\n

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Amb la creixent demanda de fruita a punt per menjar, \u00e9s de summa import\u00e0ncia comprendre com evoluciona la qualitat de la fruita durant la seva vida \u00fatil. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED<\/strong>) ha realitzat un estudi per analitzar l’evoluci\u00f3 de la qualitat de la pera ‘Conference’ durant la seva vida \u00fatil. L’estudi s’ha dut a terme a trav\u00e9s d’un doctorat industrial (2015 DI 36), realitzat juntament amb la Universitat de Lleida (UdL) i l’Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA). Els resultats estan publicats a la revista Postharvest Biology and Technology sota el t\u00edtol: \u201cComportament durant la maduraci\u00f3 i acceptaci\u00f3 del consumidor de peres ‘Conference’ durant la vida \u00fatil despr\u00e9s de l’emmagatzematge a llarg termini sota DCA\u201d (Torregrosa et al., 2019).<\/p>\n

En aquest estudi es van analitzar les relacions entre els par\u00e0metres de qualitat fisicoqu\u00edmics, l’emissi\u00f3 de compostos vol\u00e0tils i la satisfacci\u00f3 del consumidor en peres ‘Conference’ provinents de diferents camps. Les peres es van conservar durant vuit mesos sota condicions d’atmosfera din\u00e0mica controlada (DCA, per les seves sigles en angl\u00e8s) i es va avaluar la seva posterior vida \u00fatil a 20 \u00baC.<\/p>\n

Els resultats van mostrar que l’emmagatzematge sota condicions de DCA inhibeix la p\u00e8rdua de fermesa, ja que les peres van perdre menys del 5 % durant els vuit mesos de conservaci\u00f3 i no es van veure afectats negativament d\u2019altres trets de qualitat. Despr\u00e9s de l’extracci\u00f3 de l’emmagatzematge en fred i durant la maduraci\u00f3 a 20\u00baC, les peres ‘Conference’ van perdre gaireb\u00e9 el 80 % de la seva fermesa inicial en nom\u00e9s cinc dies. L’evoluci\u00f3 de la fermesa des de la collita i durant els cinc dies de vida \u00fatil es va ajustar amb \u00e8xit amb una equaci\u00f3 inversa de Gompertz (R2<\/sup>> 0,96) (Fig. 1).<\/p>\n

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Figura 1 Ajust de la fermesa mitjana de la fruita a la collita (0 dies), despr\u00e9s de 8 mesos d’emmagatzematge en fred (240 + 0 dies) i durant el per\u00edode de vida \u00fatil (1 a 5 dies) en funci\u00f3 del temps amb l’equaci\u00f3 inversa de Gompertz (l\u00ednies) de fruita provinents de cinc camps: L1, L2, L3, L4 i L5. Les barres d’error representen la mitjana \u00b1 desviaci\u00f3 est\u00e0ndard (n = 20) (Torregrosa et al., 2019).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’emmagatzematge<\/strong> prolongat sota condicions de DCA de la ‘Conference’ no va impedir la maduraci\u00f3 completa, segons els valors de l’\u00edndex de la difer\u00e8ncia d’absorb\u00e0ncia (IAD<\/sub>) i el comportament post climat\u00e8ric segons la producci\u00f3 d’etil\u00e8 de la fruita durant la seva vida \u00fatil. Paral\u00b7lelament a la p\u00e8rdua de la fermesa durant la vida \u00fatil, hi va haver un augment en l’emissi\u00f3 dels compostos vol\u00e0tils de tipus \u00e8ster i especialment en acetat d\u2019hexil i acetat de butil.<\/p>\n

Les avaluacions sensorials es van realitzar segons el descrit per Echeverr\u00eda et al. (2008). Es va demanar als consumidors que qualifiquessin el gust general d’acord amb una escala hed\u00f2nica de nou punts (1, no m’agrada gens; 5, ni m’agrada ni em desagrada; 9, m’agrada molt) (L\u00f3pez et al., 2001) i avaluar la fermesa i el sabor per separat a trav\u00e9s d’una escala hed\u00f2nica de cinc punts (1 molt baixa intensitat, 2 baixa, 3 regular; 4 de moderada; 5 molt alta intensitat) (Echeverr\u00eda et al., 2015) (Fig. 2A). La satisfacci\u00f3 m\u00e9s gran del consumidor despr\u00e9s de l’emmagatzematge en fred sota condicions de DCA de les peres ‘Conference’ es va aconseguir despr\u00e9s de 3 dies a 20 \u00baC (Fig. 2B). En aquest sentit, les peres m\u00e9s apreciades pel consumidor van ser les que van mostrar un alt gust en combinaci\u00f3 amb valors de fermesa en el rang de 10-30 N.<\/p>\n

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Figura 2<\/strong> A) Gr\u00e0fic 3D de la interacci\u00f3 entre la fermesa sensorial (Y) i el sabor (X) a trav\u00e9s d’una escala hed\u00f2nica de cinc punts, en funci\u00f3 l’acceptaci\u00f3 general dels consumidors (Z) basat en una prova hed\u00f2nica de 9 punts. B) Acceptaci\u00f3 general despr\u00e9s d’1, 3 i 5 dies durant el per\u00edode de vida \u00fatil de les peres ‘Conference’. Les barres d’error representen l’error est\u00e0ndard. Les lletres diferents indiquen difer\u00e8ncies significatives (P<\/em> <0.05) per a cada dia de SL (Torregrosa et al., 2019).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mitjan\u00e7ant t\u00e8cniques estad\u00edstiques es va realitzar una regressi\u00f3 de m\u00ednims quadrats parcials i va mostrar que els s\u00f2lids solubles totals (SST), la relaci\u00f3 SST\/TTA (acidesa titulable total), la percepci\u00f3 del gust per part del consumidor i alguns compostos vol\u00e0tils particulars (acetats de metil, etil i hexil, aix\u00ed com el trans, cis-2,4-decadienoato d’etil) es van correlacionar positivament amb el gust general del consumidor, mentre que la fermesa, la TTA i l’IAD<\/sub> van tenir una correlaci\u00f3 negativa per\u00f2 amb una major capacitat de predicci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

En general, els resultats d’aquest estudi poden ser de gran import\u00e0ncia pels minoristes que pretenen distribuir les peres ‘Conference’ a punt per menjar, amb una qualitat \u00f2ptima en base a l’acceptaci\u00f3 del consumidor.<\/p>\n

Refer\u00e8ncies<\/strong><\/p>\n

Br\u00fcckner, B., 2008. Consumer acceptance of fruit and vegetables: the role of flavour and other quality attributes. Fruit Veg Flav 11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1533\/9781845694296.1.11<\/p>\n

Echeverr\u00eda, G., Cant\u00edn, C.M., Ortiz, A., L\u00f3pez, M.L., Lara, I., Graell, J., 2015. The impact of maturity, storage temperature and storage duration on sensory quality and consumer satisfaction of \u2018Big Top\u00ae\u2019 nectarines. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 190, 179\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCIENTA.2015.04.022<\/p>\n

Echeverr\u00eda, G., Graell, J., Lara, I., L\u00f3pez, M.L., 2008. Physicochemical measurements in \u2018Mondial Gala\u00ae\u2019 apples stored at different atmospheres: Influence on consumer acceptability. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 50, 135\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.POSTHARVBIO.2008.05.002<\/p>\n

Golding, J.B., Singh, S.P., 2017. Use of 1-MCP in the storage life extension of fruit, in: Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, pp. 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-08-100596-5.21006-8<\/p>\n

L\u00f3pez, M.L., Mir\u00f3, R., Graell, J., 2001. Quality and aroma production of Doyenne du Comice pears in relation to harvest date and storage atmosphere. Food Sci. Technol. Int. 7, 493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1106\/FLWJ-18CN-8TR9-480G<\/p>\n

Misir, J., H. Brishti, F., M. Hoque, M., 2014. Aloe vera gel as a novel edible coating for fresh fruits: a review. Am. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2, 93\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/ajfst-2-3-3<\/p>\n

Sousa-Gallagher, M.J., Mahajan, P. V., Yan, Z., 2011. Modelling chemical and physical deterioration of foods and beverages, in: Kilcast & Subramaniam (Ed.), Food and Beverage Stability and Shelf Life. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, pp. 459\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1533\/9780857092540.2.459<\/p>\n

Torregrosa, L., Echeverria, G., Illa, J., Gin\u00e9-bordonaba, J., 2019. Ripening behaviour and consumer acceptance of \u2018Conference\u2019 pears during shelf life after long term DCA-storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 155, 94\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2019.05.014<\/p>\n

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DESCARREGAR ARTICULE (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per:\u00a0\u00a0Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. Dept. R+D)   Industrial Leridana del Fr\u00edo SL (ILERFRED) ha realitzat diferents estudis d’investigaci\u00f3, centrats principalment en la millora dels par\u00e0metres de la qualitat de la fruita. Els productes hortofruct\u00edcoles es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_ilerfred_token_variable":"token","_ilerfred_token_code":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies"],"yoast_head":"\nLa vida \u00fatil de la fruita < Ilerfred < Fr\u00edo Industrial, Atm\u00f3sfera Controlada, Refrigeraci\u00f3n, Humidificaci\u00f3n, Secaderos, Reparaci\u00f3n, Compresores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ilerfred.com\/ca\/la-vida-util-de-la-fruita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La vida \u00fatil de la fruita < Ilerfred < Fr\u00edo Industrial, Atm\u00f3sfera Controlada, Refrigeraci\u00f3n, Humidificaci\u00f3n, Secaderos, Reparaci\u00f3n, Compresores\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per:\u00a0\u00a0Laia Torregrosa Sauret (Resp. 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